Teaching / tutoring reading as an online and in-home tutor is a skill that I honed many years ago when I began as a tutor. As a tutor, I learn about how my students' brains work to process information as they speak, read, and write. It is important to consider all assessment information when it is available. However, I learn the most about students through working with them, observing and evaluating their reading, decoding, and comprehension skills and abilities, and then tutoring and teaching using a great deal of positive reinforcement and regard. This happens in a safe and relaxed online environment.
Reading Assessment
Every time I work with my students, I am assessing them, so a formal assessment battery is rarely necessary. When I begin teaching / tutoring my students in reading, I often administer word lists and ask students to read a passage or two in order to assess his or her needs. This information is incredibly helpful in order to make informed choices about my teaching / tutoring choices.
Phonemic awareness is a precursor to reading. It is the awareness and ability to hear and identify sounds within words. This is a spoken and auditory skill. It is not the ability to spell. For example,
Teacher: What sound do you hear at the beginning of the words mouse, man, mat, met, mister?
Student: "I hear the /m/ sound."
Once students develop phonemic awareness, they learn to associate the letters of the English alphabet with those sounds to form words. Then they learn to put the words together to read sentences.
Fluency is the idea of reading smoothly, like we're talking. It involves the rhythm, prosody and intonation that we use when we are speaking.
As students are reading, and as they notice their thinking (metacognition), they make sense of the text through skills such as clarifying, asking questions and summarizing to gauge understanding.
As we build vocabulary through word study and the study of word roots, prefixes, and suffixes, our ability to comprehend increases. Often meaning and understanding break down because we don't understand a word. The key is to notice when comprehension breaks down, determine the meaning of the unknown word using context, or the dictionary, and reread to repair the breakdown in understanding.
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